Ashwagandha

Latin Name: Withania Somnifera
Part Of Plant Used: Dried Roots & Leaves

Ashwagandha or Withania Somnifera is a widely used herb in Ayurvedic medicines. The berries, leaves and root of this short herb have versatile medicinal values. However, the extract, light in color and bitter in taste is derived from select, handpicked roots. According to Ayurveda, Ashwagandha is excellent for vitality as well as rejuvenation and is a general health booster. Since it is classified as an adaptogen, it can help your body manage stress. Withanolides are the biologically active compounds in Ashwagandha providing steroidal lactones. The higher the withanolide potency in ashwagandha the better the strength of its effects.

Key benefits

• Powerful Antioxidant and immune booster
• Withanolides activate enzymes and macrophages (Th1 helper cells), that can engulf diseases before they manifest - defending the body against parasitic, bacterial and viral infections.
• Studies show that ashwagandha increases white blood cell counts, platelet counts, stem cells in the bone marrow and the amount and diversity of antibodies produced in the body.
• Its extracts have the ability to stimulate the production of nitric oxide in the body. This causes a dilatation of the blood vessels that carry blood to the genitals, leading to increased sexual desire.
• It helps increase the testosterone levels in men
• The neuro-protective qualities repel free radicals and prevent them from damaging cells in the brain. Age related degenerative diseases can be prevented and longevity increased.
• Maintains heart health through its regulation of blood circulation. It helps to prevent blood clots, stabilises blood sugar and controls cholesterol levels in the body. 
• It is one of the rare herbs with an Adaptogenic property which is both energising and calming at the same time. It works holistically on the entire body to bring it back to homeostasis (internal balance) and help it to function efficiently. For example it could provide energy to someone feeling sluggish or it can have a calming effect on the nerves of someone feeling tense and anxious.

History

Ashwagandha is a short shrub with small greenish flowers and reddish orange colored fruits. The word Ashwangandha is derived from Sanskrit usages Ashwa (horse) and Gandha (smell) as its roots have the smell of a sweaty horse and renowned for imparting the strength and vigour of a stallion. Ashwagandha has been revered for its healing, aphrodisiac and immune boosting properties. Although all parts of the ashwagandha plant are believed to hold medicinal properties, it is the root that is regarded to be the best for therapy. Ayurveda has used ashwagandha for centuries to promote physical and mental health, improve vitality, longevity and resistance against infections and diseases, arthritis, bronchitis and dropsy to ringworm, scabies and senility. The use of this root can be traced back for over 3,000 years and it is classified as a "rasayan", a rejuvenating and life extending herb. 

Cultivation

Northern states of India.

Manufacturing Process

Has been standardized for: 5% Withanolides.

Drug Interactions: Immunosuppressants [like azathioprine (Imuran), basiliximab (Simulect), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), daclizumab (Zenapax), muromonab-CD3 (OKT3, Orthoclone OKT3), mycophenolate (CellCept), tacrolimus (FK506, Prograf), sirolimus (Rapamune), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), corticosteroids (glucocorticoids), and others.] and Sedatives (like clonazepam (Klonopin), diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), and others.) have moderate interactions with Ashwagandha. Please consult with your physician before consuming Ashwagandha. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should not take ashwagandha.

Certifications

Clinical studies

The roots of Withania somnifera consist primarily of compounds known as withanolides, which are steroidal and bear a resemblance, both in their action and appearance, to the active constituents of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) known as ginsenosides. 

Stress and anxiety reduction: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Safety and Efficacy of a High-Concentration Full-Spectrum Extract of Ashwagandha Root in Reducing Stress and Anxiety in Adults at Ashwins Health Care and Research Centre - Hyderabad, India, using a total of 64 subjects with a history of chronic stress, each enrolled into the study after performing relevant clinical examinations and laboratory tests. These included a measurement of serum cortisol, and assessing their scores on standard stress-assessment questionnaires. They were randomized to either the placebo control group or the study drug treatment group, and were asked to take one capsule twice a day for a period of 60 days. In the study drug treatment group, each capsule contained 300 mg of high-concentration full-spectrum extract from the root of the Ashwagandha plant. The treatment group that was given the high-concentration full-spectrum Ashwagandha root extract exhibited a significant reduction on all the stress-assessment scales on Day 60 than the placebo group. The serum cortisol levels were substantially reduced in the Ashwagandha group, than the placebo group. 

Spermatogenic Activity: A two-arm, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study with random allocation was conducted at five infertility centres in India under the guidelines of the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR-GCP), using 46 infertile men, all having a history of regular sexual intercourse over a one-year period with a gynecologically normal female partner with no apparent female infertility. The study subjects were randomized to either: (i) the placebo-treated group (25) or (ii) the Ashwagandha-treated group (21) that were administered one capsule (containing 225 mg of a high-concentration full-spectrum root extract of the Ashwagandha plant with a withanolide content of 5%) orally, thrice daily for a period of 12 weeks. The ashwagandha treated group testing with higher parameters of semen concentration and increased serum hormone levels than the placebo group. 

Male sexual health: There have been several studies on the effect of ashwagandha in male sexual health. The results have demonstrated that treatment of infertile men (with suboptimal levels of testosterone) with 5 grams per day of ashwagandha root extract significantly increased serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels and reduced the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin compared to the control group. There was also a substantial increase in sperm count, concentration, and motility among infertile men. Another experimental study from 2016 also reported increased testosterone with M-A-T combo (Mucuna Pruriens, Ashwagandha and Tribulus Terrestris). M-A-T 1 group received 10 mg Mucuna, 10 mg Ashwagandha and 10 mg Tribulus, while M-A-T 2 received 20g of each. Both groups had considerable increased testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels. 

Muscle Mass and Strength: 57 young male subjects (18-50 years old) with some experience in resistance training were put on a periodized strength training program and given either placebo or 300 mg of ashwagandha root extract twice daily for 8 weeks. Compared to the placebo, ashwagandha group had significantly greater increases in muscle strength on the bench-press exercise (almost 20 kg over placebo) and the leg-extension exercise (by 5 kg). There were also significant improvements in muscle size, serum testosterone, and muscle recovery as measured by plasma creatine kinase.

Spirulina

Latin Name: Arthrospira Platensis
Part Of Plant Used: Whole Cells

Spirulina is a type of cyanobacteria, or blue-green microalgae, that appeared on Earth 3.5 billion years ago. These single-celled organisms are capable of photosynthesis which made it possible to transform an unbreathable atmosphere into a viable environment for oxygen-breathing organisms. It is estimated that 90% of the oxygen currently on Earth (approximately 330 billion tons) comes from algae. Its high concentration of macronutrients (including proteins), vitamins, and minerals, ensures an all-rounded dietary supplement. Spirulina is easily grown, enabling waste water to be recycled and oxygen to be produced (via its consumption of CO2) – making it the future of nutrition in times to come. It is extremely high protein content, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties making it one of the world’s most sought-after superfood. 

Key benefits

• Spirulina naturally has high levels of Vitamins: A, E, K, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 (Folate), B5 (Pantothenic Acid) which are responsible for cellular metabolism, development, and protection.
  
• Holds an abundance of Minerals: Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Phosphorus, Selenium
• The presence of Photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll-a, xanthophyll, beta-carotene, zeaxanthin and several more, make it a powerful antioxidant. Chlorophyll is alkalising and due to its similarity to haemoglobin and helps oxygenate the blood in the same way. Nutritionally, Pigments Carotenoid holds antioxidant properties, Phycocynanin is an immune modulator, 
• Contains the phytochemical phycocyanin, that gives spirulina its blue-green hue which has a high antioxidant activity and is a powerful anti-inflammatory.
• With 70% complete protein (including all 9 of the essential amino acids) of which 85% - 95% is digestible along with its amino acids for almost instant absorption.
• They feature an ideal balance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which promotes good cardiovascular health, anti-inflammatory properties and maintain a lipid balance.
• They feature an ideal balance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which promotes good cardiovascular health, anti-inflammatory properties and maintain a lipid balance.
• Spirulina helps combat the deficiencies that are frequently observed as a result of our often-unbalanced modern-day diets which contribute, to the normal functioning of the metabolism and reduce fatigue.
• Builds towards a healthy immune system 
• Iron in Spirulina, contributes to the normal transport of oxygen in the body and production of red blood cells.
• Spirulina contains almost the full spectrum of B-vitamins, these are essential to the health of the central nervous system and the brain
• It is a complete nutritional supplement – easy to eat and digest

History

Spirulina consumption dates back at least to the reign of the Aztec times where they used dry spirulina was used to keep fish fresh. The spirulina was then dried in the form of patties and eaten together with cereal grains, seasoned with chilmolli (a sauce of tomato, pepper, and spices). Much later, in 1960, a French engineer rediscovered it, after which it started gaining popularity as a superfood, as more scientific studies were being conducted on its benefits.

Cultivation

Tamil Nadu, India.

Manufacturing Process 

Has been standardized for: 60% Protein.

Certifications

Clinical studies

Spirulina, as a functional food was suggested decades ago due to the fact that it is not only a protein-dense food source, but because its amino acid profile is considered to be of high. Spirulina provides essential fats (e.g., gamma-linolenic oleic acids (GLA)), high content of vitamin B12, is a good source of beta-carotene, iron, calcium and phosphorous making it one of the most sought-after foods to supplement your dietary deficiencies.

Allergic Rhinitis: In a recent randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial [conducted by T. K. Mao, J. van de Water, and M. E. Gershwin, published in the Journal of Medicinal Food, vol.8, no. 1, pp. 27–30, 2005], individuals with allergic rhinitis were fed daily, either with placebo or Spirulina for 12 weeks. The study showed that high dose of Spirulina significantly reduced the immune suppressing cells by 32%, demonstrating the protective effects of this microalgae toward allergic rhinitis.

Heart Health: Ramamoorthy and Premakumari [published in the Jornal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 124–128,1996] in a more recent study administered Spirulina supplements in ischemic heart disease (when the heart is not getting enough blood or oxygen) patients and found a significant reduction in blood cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol and an increase in HDL cholesterol. 

Oral Cancer: An In Vitro study on the effects of Spirulina on oral carcinogenesis, in particular leukoplakia (thick white or gray patches on the inside of the mouth) conducted by B. Mathew, R. Sankaranarayanan, P. P. Nair [published in Nutrition and Cancer, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 197–202, 1995]. on a group of 77 patients reported that 45% of the group showed complete regression of leukoplakia after taking Spirulina supplements for 1 year. The authors also reported that as there was no rise in the serum concentration of retinal β-carotene despite supplementation and concluded that other constituents within Spirulina may have been responsible for the anticancer effects.

Chlorella

Latin Name: Chlorella Vulgaris
Part Of Plant Used: Whole Cracked Cells

Known as the “Jewel of the East”, chlorella is a genus of single cell freshwater green algae which is comprised of organisms that have survived as a life form for billions of years. It has survived because its tough outer shell has protected its genetic integrity. It is one of the most efficient foods and just like spirulina, chlorella is rich in vitamins, minerals, and trace elements and it also features high concentrations of chlorophyll. The whole plant is used for its nutritional benefits. It has been used by the Japanese for thousands of years. There are over 30 different species, but two types — Chlorella Vulgaris and Chlorella Pyrenoidosa have the highest potency. 

Key benefits

• High level of Bioavailable Vitamin B12 at 400 mcg/100 gms
• o 1g of Chlorella is enough to meet the RDA for Vitamin B12
• o Active B12 keeps body’s nerve and blood cells healthy
• Contains most of the known B Vitamins, Vitamin E, Folate and Biotin
• High content of chlorophyll – has the ability to bind and safely remove toxins and heavy metals from the system
• Chlorella growth factor – the combination of protein, polysaccharides and nucleic acid, repairs tissue damage and delays aging. 
• Carotenoids – the beta carotenoid and lutein deliver antioxidant properties
• Rich Source of Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Phosphorus and Potassium
• High levels of Iron for better bioavailability as compared to synthetic sources
• Highly digestible protein - contains around 50% complete protein 
• boosting your immune system, 
• improving antioxidant status, 
• reducing blood pressure, 
• improving insulin resistance, 
• preventing gastric ulcers, 
• reducing fibromyalgia pain 
• protecting against radiation poisoning

History

Chlorella appeared on Earth more than 2 billion years ago. Consisting of a single spherical cell, it owes its colour to chlorophyll, which it contains in exceptional quantities. Chlorella was first produced and consumed in Asia, primarily in Japan. Since 1950 a lot of research has been done on Chlorella, as it was viewed as a potentially useful way to combat a possible global food shortage due to population increase. Chlorella’s healing abilities have been proven over the years. In Japan, it is even considered a food in the national health interest – a research institute focused on Chlorella was founded there in 1957.

Cultivation

Tamil Nadu, India.

Manufacturing Process

Has been standardized for: 50% Protein and B12 levels of 400mcg/100gm of Chlorella.

Certifications

Clinical studies

Chlorella like Spirulina, was suggested as a functional food decades ago due to the fact that it is not only a protein-dense food source, but because its amino acid profile is considered to be of high. Chlorella provides a very high content of vitamin B12, is a good source of beta-carotene, iron, calcium and phosphorous making it one of the most sought-after super food greens to supplement your dietary deficiencies.

As a dietary supplement: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial conducted by the Virginia Commonwealth University's Medical College of Virginia, using Fifty-five subjects with fibromyalgia, 33 with hypertension, and 9 with ulcerative colitis. Subjects consumed 10 g of pure chlorella in tablet form and 100 mL of a liquid containing an extract of chlorella each day for 2 or 3 months. The results yielded in concluding that daily dietary supplementation with chlorella may reduce high blood pressure, lower serum cholesterol levels, accelerate wound healing, and enhance immune functions.

Multifunctional Dietary Supplement: The Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, The review summarizes the findings on the health benefits of Chlorella supplementation. Clinical trials have suggested that supplementation with Chlorella can reduce lipid levels and blood glucose levels, and protect against oxidative stress, cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on the effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, vitamins and minerals present in Chlorella. 

Immune Function: A blind, randomized, crossover study design was conducted by the Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Japan to investigate whether chlorella ingestion increases the salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (an antibody that plays a critical role in immune health), secretion in humans. Fifteen men took 30 placebo and 30 chlorella tablets per day for 4 weeks separated by a 12-week washout period. Before and after each trial, saliva samples were collected. The results suggested that 4-week ingestion of chlorella supplement increases salivary SIgA secretion and improves mucosal immune function in humans.

Hypertension : A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial conducted by the Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Japan to investigate the usefulness of Chlorella in the control of blood pressure using 80 subjects with high-normal blood pressure. An oral administration of GABA-rich Chlorella was given to 40 subjects while the rest of the test subjects were administered a placebo. These results suggest that GABA-rich Chlorella significantly decreased high-normal blood pressure and borderline hypertension, and is a beneficial dietary supplement for prevention of the development of hypertension.

Inulin

Latin Name: Cichorium Intybus
Part Of Plant Used: Chicory

Inulin is a starchy substance found in a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, and herbs, including wheat, onions, bananas, leeks, artichokes, and asparagus. Plants naturally produce inulin and use it as an energy source. Inulin that is used for supplementation is extracted from the roots of the chicory plant. Inulin is high in fibre and low in calories and is can neither be digested nor absorbed in the stomach. Its sweet taste and It goes straight to the bowels where bacteria are able to use it to grow and flourish, thereby working as a prebiotic for better gut health. The dietary fibres in it not only promote gut health, but also increase feelings of fullness, aid in weight loss, and improve heart health by reducing cholesterol. 

Key benefits

• Inulin helps regulate triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the blood while promoting the growth of fat breaking enzymes and decreasing liver enzymes that help in fat production. Thereby decreasing the body's ability to make certain kinds of fats.
  
• Inulin balances the gut microflora, boosts digestion, stimulates the growth of ‘good’ bacteria and regulates a healthy bowel movement. 
• It promotes better mineral absorption in the body by increasing the solubility of these minerals. Increased magnesium and calcium absorption, improves bone strength.
• Inulin slows digestion, including the digestion of carbohydrates. This allows sugar to be released slowly without spiking, which promotes healthy blood sugar levels.
• The high fibre content enables it to act as a hunger-suppressant and due to its low glycaemic index, it can help control the onset of Type II diabetes.
• The fibre in inulin is soluble, which means it dissolves in the stomach and then forms a gelatinous substance that slows digestion, increases the feeling of fullness, and reduces cholesterol absorption as it passes through the digestive tract
• Inulin is completely gluten free 

History

The use of Chicory dates back to ancient Egypt. It was cultivated back in the 17th century when coffee was introduced to the world. Since it has often been used as a substitute for coffee. Now, inulin, an extract of the chicory root is used as a prebiotic, fat replacer, sugar replacer, texture modifier and for the development of functional foods in order to improve health due to its beneficial role in gastric health. 

Cultivation

Uttar Pradesh, India.

Certifications

Interactions: Inulin is SAFE for adults. The most common side effects occur in the stomach. They may include gas, bloating, diarrhoea, constipation, and cramps. These side effects are only severe at high doses of inulin (more than 30 grams per day).

OXYSTORM®|Red Spinach

Latin Name: Amaranthus Tricolor
Part Of Plant Used: Leaves

Oxystorm® is an extract of Amaranthus one of the highest dietary sources of nitrates discovered. Oxystorm® helps in boosting Nitric oxide, the essential molecule that aids various integral functions in human body. Especially during low oxygen conditions, with the supply of nitric oxide, Oxystorm® helps in reducing fatigue and maintain an optimum level of functioning. This is the first nitrate extract from the Amaranthus species to enhance nitric oxide levels. The Oxystorm® red spinach extract has the highest level of standardization at 9% of nitrates vs red beetroot powder which naturally contains 1.5%-2%. This is the reason Oxystorm® is one of the best plant-based nitric oxide boosters.

Key benefits

• Oxystorm® helps in boosting nitric oxide and provides 4 times the amount of nitrate as compared to that provided by other conventional natural sources like Beetroot. 
  
• It supports blood circulation 
• Enhances nitric oxide levels in the body
• Helps with healthy cardiovascular functions 
• Improves oxygen delivery to your body
• Promotes vasodilation (opening up of blood vessels)
• Improves the physical endurance and reduce fatigue
• Increase VO2 peak, power output and performance
• Cardioprotective effect

History

Amaranthus Tricolor is an ancient plant that was revered by the Aztecs for over 10,000 years. The leaves are a storehouse for many phytonutrients, antioxidants, minerals and vitamins. Besides working as a powerful antioxidant, amaranthus aids in weight loss and also helps with optimum digestive health.

Cultivation

Tamil Nadu, India.

Extraction Process 

Has been standardized for: Potassium 13% and Nitrate 9%.

Certifications

Clinical studies

Nitric oxide is a short-lived gas that is known to promote vasodilation or “opening” of the blood vessels. Medications (e.g., Viagra®), foods (e.g., beets, spinach, arugula), and select dietary supplements (e.g., beetroot juice, powders, and extracts) have been used with success as agents to improve blood flow, and often give rise to nitric oxide metabolites (nitrate and nitrite), which are used as a surrogate measure of nitric oxide in blood samples. Adhering to a nitrate-rich diet is often suggested as a health-enhancing practice in particular for those with elevated blood pressure. The increases in nitrate/nitrite are linked to improved physical performance.

Blood Pressure and Vascular function: A randomized double blind placebo controlled, crossover study conducted in The Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine , USA with a single oral dose of 1000 mg ; published in Eur J Appl Physiol, DOI 10.1007/s00421-016-3478-8. Using 15 human subjects (males – 8 and Females-7). A controlled group was administered a placebo while the rest were administered Oxystorm®. It was observed that Oxystorm® can deliver high nitrate and enhance nitric oxide levels in the body Oxystorm® enhances the nitric oxide by converting nitrate to nitrite. Nitric oxide generated from Oxystorm® enhances VO2 and maximize the energy produced and thus reduces extreme fatigue and physical weakness during strenuous exercise or physical activity.

Increase in Plasma Nitrate: An In vitro study conducted by the Centre for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research using 20 men and women that ingested two different nitrate-rich supplements (Resync Recovery Blend at 7.5 g and 15 g; Resync Collagen Blend at 21 g – both containing Oxystorm® as its main ingredient), or placebo, on four different days. The findings from this study indicate that Resync consumption results in a significant increase in plasma NOx, without differently impacting nitrite, in the test subjects from those that were in the placebo group. 

Overall Performance: A randomized trial conducted at the Syncretic Clinical Research Services, Bangalore, India, to study the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of NO3 (nitrate) and NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) from amaranthus extract (2 g as single dose) using 16 healthy individuals and compared with placebo in a crossover design. The NO3 and NO2 levels in plasma as well as saliva were measured up to 24 hours. The result showed that the NO3 and NO2 levels were significantly higher in the amaranthus extract – treated group than the placebo group. These results clearly indicate that a single oral dose of amaranth extract is able to increase the NO3 and NO2 levels in the body for at least 8 h. The increase in NO3 and NO2 levels can help to improve the overall performance of people involved in vigorous physical activities or sports.

Respiratory Function: A randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled, crossover study was conducted at the School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, using 15 recreationally-active participants administering 90mg of nitrate to the test group versus a placebo administered to the controlled group. The study was conducted to determine the effect of Red Spinach Extract (RSE) on the ventilatory threshold of the participants. Ventilatory threshold is that point of exercise above which your breathing becomes laboured and you feel you just can’t draw in as much air as your body wants. The results concluded that the test group had a delayed ventilatory threshold in comparison to the group that was administered the placebo.

Soy Lecithin

Latin Name: Glycine Max
Part Of Plant Used: Soybeans

Soy lecithin is extracted from raw soybeans, by first extracting the oil then processing the oil so the lecithin is separated and dried. Since Soy Lecithin contains only trace levels of soy proteins, it does not aggravate the allergic reactions that the other soy-allergic consumers may suffer from. Composed of choline, fatty acids, glycerol, glycolipids, phospholipids, phosphoric acid and triglycerides. Lecithin was originally isolated from egg yolk. Today, it is regularly extracted from cottonseed, marine sources, milk, rapeseed, soybeans and sunflower, Soy Lecithin is the most popular as it carries a host of health benefits including Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids, Vitamin E, Vitamin K and phospholipids like Choline precursors.

Key benefits

• An effective and stable emulsifier 
• Improves Cholesterol levels – properties of Lecithin have the ability to reduce excess LDL cholesterol and promote the synthesis of HDL in the liver
• Major Source of Choline – Choline is a macronutrient that plays an important role in liver function, muscle movement, metabolism, nerve function and brain development
• Helps in providing respite from menopause symptoms by improving vigour and blood pressure levels in the body Can significantly boost immunity
• Works effectively to strengthen bones and prevent menopausal related osteoporosis
• Effective for stress related disorders
• Phospholipids in soy lecithin are shown to have a positive influence on memory, brain functions and mood
• Can work to replace damaged cell membranes and restore the structure and function of the cellular membrane. This is called lipid replacement therapy, and it has been shown to improve fatigue, diabetes symptoms, degenerative diseases and metabolic syndrome.
• Phospholipids, the major component of lecithin, are partly hydrophilic (attracted to water) and partly hydrophobic (repelled from water). It is this ability of lecithin, to simultaneously interact with both oil and water that makes it and effective and stable emulsifier.

History

The word "lecithin" is derived from the Greek term lekithos meaning "egg yolk." In 1846, Gobley isolated lecithin from egg yolk and in 1850 gave it its present name. For years Lecithin was used in foods to ensure the water and oil based ingredients mix uniformly. When lecithin enters the equation, oil is broken down into smaller particles in a making the oil droplets easier to mix, clean or digest when eaten. With extensive studies conducted on this ingredient over time, the nutritional benefits of Soy Lecithin have emerged.

Cultivation

Maharashtra - Madhya Pradesh, India.

Extraction Process 

Has been standardized for: 97% phosphatidyl choline.

Certifications

Allergies: People with severe allergies to soy products or those who are sensitive to soy lecithin should avoid foods made with the ingredient. However, since Soy Lecithin contains only trace levels of soy proteins, it does not aggravate the allergic reactions that the other soy-allergic consumers may suffer from.

Clinical studies

Lecithin is a complex mixture of phospholipids which compose lipid bilayer cell membranes. Lipid replacement therapy, or administration of phospholipids for the purpose of repairing the dmaged cell membranes, had been shown to alleviate fatigue. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of soy lecithin on fatigue in middle-aged women, as well as other menopausal symptoms and various health parameters.

Fatigue and menopausal symptoms: Blood Pressure and Vascular function: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study using 96 women aged 40 to 60 years who complained of fatigue was conducted by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan. Participants were randomized to receive active tablets containing high-dose (1200 mg/day; n = 32) or low-dose (600 mg/day; n = 32) soy lecithin, or placebo (n = 32), for 8 weeks. 89 women completed the study. Improvements were greater in the high-dose group compared with the placebo group concerning vigour resulting in concluding that High-dose (1200 mg/day) soy lecithin not only increases vigour, but also lowers blood pressure and cardio-ankle vascular index in middle-aged women who present with fatigue.

Cholesterol and lipid: In a double bling study using 30 volunteers (58–70 years old) for administration of lecithin. The groups were chosen from patients diagnosed with high cholesterol, participants of a project at the University Camilo Castelo Branco (Unicastelo, SP, Brazil). Every volunteer in the test group was given one capsule (n = 20) of 500 mg soy lecithin daily and placebo group received one capsule placebo. One and two months after treatment with beginning, the blood samples were withdrawn and the lipid profile was performed. For patients taking soy lecithin capsules, a significant decrease in the total cholesterol concentration and in HDL cholesterol were recorded during the first and the second months of administration, in comparison to the group that took placebo capsules which showed no differences in lipid profile after two months of administration, total cholesterol was reduced in 11.4%, but this decrease is not statically significant.

Cholesterol and lipid: In a double bling study using 30 volunteers (58–70 years old) for administration of lecithin. The groups were chosen from patients diagnosed with high cholesterol, participants of a project at the University Camilo Castelo Branco (Unicastelo, SP, Brazil). Every volunteer in the test group was given one capsule (n = 20) of 500 mg soy lecithin daily and placebo group received one capsule placebo. One and two months after treatment with beginning, the blood samples were withdrawn and the lipid profile was performed. For patients taking soy lecithin capsules, a significant decrease in the total cholesterol concentration and in HDL cholesterol were recorded during the first and the second months of administration, in comparison to the group that took placebo capsules which showed no differences in lipid profile after two months of administration, total cholesterol was reduced in 11.4%, but this decrease is not statically significant.
This study suggests that specific properties in soy lecithin may have a selective stress-dampening effect and may even be used in the natural treatment of stress-related disorders.

Cognitive Function: A three-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled study published in Advances in Therapy, conducted by Analyze & Realize GmbH, Germany and Lonza Ltd, Switzerland, evaluated the positive effects of a supplement containing a blend of 300 milligrams of phosphatidylserine and 240 milligrams of phosphatidic acid that was produced from soy lecithin. The supplement or placebo was given to non-depressive elderly patients with memory problems three times a day for 3 months. In a separate investigation, the supplement was given to patients with Alzheimer’s disease to measure its effect on their daily functioning, mental health, emotional state and self-reported general condition.
Researchers found that by the end of the treatment period, the supplement blend made from properties found in soy lecithin significantly improved memory in elderly patients compared to those receiving the placebo.
Among the Alzheimer’s disease patients, the supplement group had a 3.8 percent deterioration and 90.6 percent stability in daily functioning compared to 17.9 percent and 79.5 percent under the placebo. Plus, 49 percent of those in the treatment group reported an improved general condition compared to 26.3 percent of those receiving the placebo.
These findings suggest that soy lecithin-derived phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid may have a positive influence on memory, cognition and mood among the elderly and those suffering from cognitive conditions.

Milk Thistle

Latin Name: Silybum Marianum
Part Of Plant Used: Seeds

Milk thistle is a flowering plant that grows in Mediterranean countries. Milk thistle is one of the best plants for supporting overall liver health. While different parts of the plant may be used to treat various health conditions, the seeds are the ones that have a protective effect on the liver, and help to prevent the absorption of substances that are damaging. Milk Thistle seeds contain a bioflavonoid complex known as silymarin. It can help treat cirrhosis, jaundice, hepatitis gallbladder disorders, protecting heart health by lowering cholesterol levels and helping people manage type 2 diabetes.
In a world filled with environmental toxins, chemicals, alcohol and unnecessary drugs, milk thistle is extremely beneficial. It is a very practical herb to have on hand for any over indulgent occasion… Too much rich food? Too much alcohol? Milk Thistle is the answer to help keep your liver running smoothly.

Key benefits

• Milk Thistle has a flavonoid “silymarin” that is beneficial for its restorative effects on the liver. It’s anti-fibrotic (prevents tissue scarring), “toxin blocking” properties work to preventing damage to the liver. Whether it’s used as a tonic for “one too many” the night before, or for a more serious condition, Milk Thistle is a powerful liver detoxifier.
  
• Milk Thistle reduces liver damage caused by alcohol overuse, drug abuse and diseases such as hepatitis. 
• It helps to regenerate the liver by increasing protein synthesis, which leads to the growth of healthy new liver cells 
• Silymarin is a powerful antioxidant flavonoid complex and helps protect the intestines from the inflammatory damage that can lead to ulcers and colitis.
• It is considered to be 10 times as potent as vitamin E, providing the body with increased oxygenation and immunity.
• Reduces cholesterol
• Supports weight loss
• Reduces Insulin resistance
• Supports bone health by helping prevent bone loss caused by a lack of oestrogen.
• Improves cognition by combating oxidative stress
• Boosts the immune system

History

The historical use of Milk Thistle goes back to over 2000 years. The Greek physician and botanist Dioscorides, used the seeds as a remedy for children and infants. In herbal medicine, Milk Thistle is considered a liver tonic, it helps in lactation, has anti-inflammatory properties and helps stimulate the flow of bile from the liver. It got its name from the white veins on its large prickly leaves, believed to be caused by a drop of the Virgin Mary’s milk falling on the leaves. 

Cultivation

Hei Long Jiang region - North East China.

Extraction Process 

Has been standardized for: 80% Silymarin.

Certifications

Drug Interactions: Milk thistle is generally considered safe. However, pregnant women, those allergic to the Asteraceae family of plants, those on diabetic medication and anyone with an oestrogen-sensitive condition should seek medical advice before taking it in large doses.

Clinical studies

Lactation: The Velleja Research, Italy, conducted a controlled study using 50 healthy women during lactation by administering micronized Silymarin (420 mg/day) to half the group and a placebo product to a controlled group for a period of 63 days. The women that were administered Silymarin showed an increase of 85.94% of daily milk production in comparison to the controlled group that increased by only 32.09%. Concluding that Silymarin may be considered as a safe and effective herbal product that can be orally administered in order to improve the daily milk production in healthy women after delivery, without affecting milk quality.

Reducing Acne: The Department of Pharmacology, Alkindy College of Medicine, Iraq, conducted a randomized clinical trial on 56 patients with acne vulgaris for a period of eight weeks. The results obtained in this study showed the beneficial effect of Silymarin, N-acetylcysteine and Selenium to patients with acne vulgaris.

Liver disease: An In Vitro study conducted by the Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Italy on the bioactive component in Milk Thistle, Silymarin and its effect on liver disease. It was confirmed that Silymarin acts as an antioxidant by reducing free radical production and lipid peroxidation, has antifibrotic activity and may act as a toxin blockade agent by inhibiting binding of toxins to the liver cell membrane receptors. Silymarin has been used to treat alcoholic liver disease, acute and chronic viral hepatitis and toxin-induced liver diseases.

Blood sugar levels: The Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicinal Plants, Iran, conducted a 4-month randomized double-blind clinical trial using 51 type II diabetic patients. The first group of 25 received a 200mg of silymarin tablet 3 times a day plus conventional therapy. The second group of 26 people received the same therapy but a placebo tablet instead of silymarin. The results showed a significant decrease in haemoglobin, Fasting Blood Sugar, total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride SGOT and SGPT levels in silymarin treated patients compared with placebo as well as with values at the beginning of the study in each group. 

Ginkgo Biloba

Latin Name: Ginkgo Biloba/ Salisburia Adiantifolia
Part Of Plant Used: Leaves

Ginkgo Biloba tree is one of the oldest trees in the world, and the leaves and seeds have been used traditionally in China for thousands of years due to their heal properties, and revered throughout Asia where it symbolises longevity and enlightenment. The tree, with its elegant, fan-shaped leaves and foul-smelling fruits is valued for its medicinal properties. Known popularly as a ‘living fossil’ that has been essentially unchanged for over 200 million years, this tree has no known living relatives in its species. The leaves of the tree help boost circulation and influence neurotransmitter activity in the brain, which gives ginkgo a reputation as an herbal remedy for cognitive, memory and mental health concerns. There are two groups of chemicals that can be found in a Ginkgo Biloba leaf - flavonoids and terpenoids. Flavonoids aid capillary function and are powerful antioxidants. Terpenoids control platelet-activating factor (PAF) for inflammations and immune reactions in the body.

Key benefits

• The flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba act as antioxidants and improve blood flow. This effect also promotes eye health, protect against aging-related issues such as dementia by improving blood flow to the brain
• Bitter ginkgolides are compounds in the leaf, of which ginkgolide B provides a blood thinning property which leads to decreased blood clotting, better circulation and reduced inflammation – all of which are beneficial to a healthy heart.
• Helps in reducing the symptoms of asthma.
• Ginkgo can increase blood flow by promoting the dilation of blood vessels. This may have applications for the treatment of diseases related to poor circulation. The improvement in circulation also improves cognitive function as the steady supply of oxygen rich blood to the brain increases. With improved blood flow to the brain, ginkgo extracts help to improve memory, concentration and thought processes. 
• Ginkgo may also be effective for people with high anxiety.

History

It was stated by Charles Darwin in 1959 that the Ginkgo Biloba tree is a "living fossil". This hardy tree not only survived the Ice Age, a large and ancient ginkgo tree actually survived the nuclear bomb blast at Hiroshima in 1945. Sitting only 1.1 km away from where the atomic bomb landed. The recorded medicinal uses of Ginkgo in China can be tracked back nearly 5000 years, chiefly as a treatment for asthma, however it was only about a 1000 years back that the tree started getting cultivated for its medicinal properties. Toward the end of the 20th century, ginkgo extract became popular in many countries for its purported memory-enhancing properties.

Cultivation

China.

Manufacturing Process

Has been standardized for: 24% Flavones using a 10:1 herb ratio for extraction.

Certifications

Interactions: Ginkgo Biloba helps to thin the blood and can cause excessive bleeding and should be avoided before any surgery or dental procedure. People on blood thinning medication such as aspirin, should consult their doctor before taking Ginkgo

Clinical studies

Heart Health: 

• The Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China conducted a study to test the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on heart health and coronary artery disease (CAD) for a period of 2 weeks. Eighty CAD patients were randomly assigned to GBE (n = 42) and control (n = 38) groups. The results suggest that GBE treatment in CAD patients led to an increase of blood flow.
• The Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China conducted a study to test the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on heart health and coronary artery disease (CAD) for a period of 2 weeks. Eighty CAD patients were randomly assigned to GBE (n = 42) and control (n = 38) groups. The results suggest that GBE treatment in CAD patients led to an increase of blood flow.

Brain function: 

• Department of Health Sciences, Liberty University, USA conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of Ginkgo biloba extract in a sample of 262 (both male and female) cognitively intact older adults, 60 years of age or older, over a 6-week trial period. The aim of this research was to conduct the first known, large-scaled clinical trial of the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract on the neuropsychological functioning of cognitively intact older adults. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 180 mg per day of Ginkgo biloba extract or placebo. The results from both objectives, standardized, neuropsychological tests and a subjective, follow-up self-report questionnaire provided evidence to support the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba in enhancing certain neuropsychological/memory processes of cognitively intact older adults, 60 years of age and over.
• Institute for Medical Psychology, University of Munich, Germany, conducted a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, monocentric study with the objective to evaluate the short-term effects of Ginkgo Biloba extract on the mental functioning and quality of life in healthy volunteers. Sixty-six healthy volunteers aged between 50 and 65 years without age-associated cognitive impairment were randomized, 32 into the placebo group and 34 into the Ginkgo Biloba treatment group administered 240mg of GBE per day. The findings of this study supports the intake of Ginkgo Biloba Extract significantly improves the self-estimated quality of life, motor performance and emotional evaluation for those in the treatment group in comparison to the placebo group. The results suggest a positive effect of GBE on the subjective emotional well-being of healthy elderly persons.

Ginseng

Latin Name: Panax Ginseng
Part Of Plant Used: Roots

Panax ginseng, also called Asian Ginseng or Korean Red Ginseng, takes 5-6 years to grow before it can be harvested for medicinal value – but its well worth the wait. Its fresh roots are extensively researched for years and recognised as a nutrient rich medicinal herb. While there are many varieties of Ginseng, the two most commonly used are American (Panax quinquefolius) and Korean or Asian (Panax ginseng). They both work in very different ways – while the Asian ginseng in known to invigorate the body and American ginseng can help soothe calm and reduce body temperature.
Panax Ginseng is rich with active nutrients and the most potent compounds are ginsenosides and gintonin. Its properties extend to antitumour and anti-inflammatory, which slows down the growth of cancerous cells in the body. The antioxidant present in ginsenosides, boosts the immune system. Ginseng Panax has been a common component in the herbal medicines to treat male erectile dysfunction as it contains warming properties that enhances blood circulation and releases testosterone. Not only for men but has proved beneficial for women experiencing perimenopause symptoms. To sum up in one line, in Greek Panax means “Heals All” and Ginseng Panax is often referred to as a “general well-being medication” because it nourishes different systems of the body separately.

Key benefits

• Panax Ginseng helps to improve memory and the thinking skill among middle aged people.
  
• With enormous amounts of antioxidant, it reduces the chances of viral infection by boosting the immune system.
• Panax Ginseng has also been considered as an aphrodisiac in the medical science. It is used to treat sexual dysfunction by improving symptoms of erectile dysfunction in men and enhances sexual performances.
• The inflammatory property in panax ginseng slows down the growth of cancerous cells in the body.
• Adaptogens are those that can help to release stress and help a person to relax. Panax Ginseng is one of the known adaptogens that helps to fight depression, anxiety, and headaches. 
• Panax Ginseng is famous for increasing libido and satisfaction among postmenopausal women.
• It helps to fight fatigue in both men and men and kicks off the tiredness even after a tiring day.
• It reduces the sugar level in the blood among diabetic people.

History

Panax Ginseng was discovered in the mountains of Manchuria, China, over 5000 years ago. It is likely that ginseng was originally used as a food amongst the farmers and field laborers; many ancient Chinese records show that it was used for medicinal purposes over 3000 years ago. It was revered for its strength-giving properties and rejuvenating powers. Ginseng was, and still remains a powerful symbol of divine harmony on earth. The old Chinese Canon of Medicine states that:
“Ginseng strengthens the soul, brightens the eyes, opens the heart, expels evil, benefits understanding and if taken for prolonged periods of time will invigorate the body and prolongs one's life.”
There was a strong belief that the strength behind the ginseng root strongly stems from its resemblance to the human body. The word ginseng is derived from the Chinese term rénshēn which translates to “man root.” The root has a characteristic forked shape, resembling the legs of a man. It was thought that the closer the resemblance of a root to the human form, the more potent the root when consumed.

Cultivation

Himachal Pradesh, India.

Manufacturing Process

Was carried out for 20% ginsenosides using a 20:1 herb ratio.

Certifications

Interactions: Ginkgo Biloba helps to thin the blood and can cause excessive bleeding and should be avoided before any surgery or dental procedure. People on blood thinning medication such as aspirin, should consult their doctor before taking Ginkgo

Clinical studies

Erectile Dysfunction:

• • Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam, South Korea, conducted a systematic review to evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of red ginseng for treating erectile dysfunction, searching 20 electronic databases without language restrictions. All randomized clinical studies (RCT) of red ginseng as a treatment of erectile dysfunction were considered for inclusion. Collectively these RCTs provide evidence for the effectiveness of red ginseng in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. 
• • A double-blind crossover study evaluating the efficacy of Korean red ginseng in patients with erectile dysfunction was conducted by the Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea. Using a total of 45 patients with clinically diagnosed erectile dysfunction in a double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover study, over 8 weeks on treatment, 2 weeks of washout followed by another 8 weeks on treatment. 900mg of Ginseng was administered 3 times a day to the treatment group and a placebo was given to the control group. The Mean International Index of Erectile Function scores were significantly higher in patients treated with the ginseng than in those who received placebo. The trial concluded that ginseng can be an effective alternative for treating male erectile dysfunction.

Cognitive Function: The Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia conducted an observational study on the effects of lifetime cumulative ginseng intake on the cognitive function in an elder population.3918 participants completed the 2-year and 4-year follow-up evaluations. Subjects were categorized according to cumulative ginseng intake in no use group, low use group, and high use group. The high use group showed higher CERAD total scores compared to the no use group. The trial concluded in confirming that a prolonged use of ginseng for longer than 5 years may be beneficial to cognitive function in late life.

Diabetes:

• Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Canada and the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada, conducted a research review to study the effect of ginseng on glycemic control through data analysis of randomized controlled trials in people with and without diabetes. The result of the review showed that Ginseng significantly improved fasting blood glucose in people with and without diabetes. 
• The Human Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Division of Psychology, Northumbria University, UK, conducted a study to assess the glycaemic effects of single doses of Panax ginseng in young healthy volunteers, using 30 participants through a placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over. The thirty participants received three treatments: placebo; 200mg Ginseng; 400mg Ginseng. The study demonstrated that ginseng alone significantly lowers fasting blood glucose levels. 

Menopausal: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Korea, conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to investigate the effects of Red Ginseng on surgical menopause symptoms in premenopausal women with gynaecologic cancer, using 55 premenopausal women diagnosed with gynaecologic cancer. The study was performed at Severance Hospital in Seoul, Korea. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups Treatment group of 29 patients, receiving 3g red ginseng per day or a placebo control group of 26 patients, for a period of 12 weeks.Through the study, Red ginseng did not show absolute relief of surgical menopause symptoms in premenopausal women after gynecologic cancer surgery. However, the study did demonstrate that KRG may be effective in reducing sexual complaints. 

Sexual Function in women: The Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Iran conducted a 6-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, using 31 participants in each group – controlled and treatment, to evaluate the effects of a combined vitamin E and ginseng supplement on enhancement of female sexual function. The volunteers were randomly allocated to receive the supplement (100 IU vitamin E, 67 mg Korean ginseng, and 40 mg Siberian ginseng) or placebo daily. The treatment group found significantly heighted levels of sexual desire and satisfaction compared to the placebo group. However, the study could not find additional benefits for the vitamin E and ginseng supplement over placebo in enhancing the overall sexual function.

Antioxidant: Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital, South Korea conducted a double-blind randomized controlled design, using 82 healthy participants (21 men and 61 women). They were divided into three groups, the control group received a placebo and the other two groups received the ginseng extract (1g and 2g/day respectively) for 4 weeks. The findings indicate that ginseng enhanced the antioxidant defence mechanism in the treatment groups and the results reinforce the use of Panax ginseng as a potential antioxidant supplement.

Agar

Latin Name: Gracilaria Seaweed
Part Of Plant Used: Seaweeds 

Agar (or Agar Agar), sometimes referred to as kanten, is a gelatinous substance that is derived from the cell walls of red seaweed Ogonori (Gracilaria). Agar is a mixture of two components –agarose and agaropectin. It forms the supporting structure in the cell walls of certain species of red algae, and is released on boiling. Since its discovery Agar Agar has been extensively used as an alternative to animal derived gelatine. Agar can also be used as a laxative (it’s 80-percent fiber) and as an appetite suppressant. It is an excellent source of calcium, iron, folate, fiber, and manganese. There is no sugar or carbohydrates in agar, making it an aid to weight loss.

Key benefits

• Helps in weight loss as it is made up of water-soluble, indigestible fibre.
• Appetite Suppressant It attracts and absorbs water, increasing bulk with very few calories which gives a feeling of fullness that allows people to reduce their food intake. As Agar travels through the body it also absorbs glucose in the stomach, passing it through the digestive system quickly thus inhibiting its storage as fat.
• Low in calories, fat, sugar and carbohydrates. 
• The Japanese consume Agar as part of a natural weight loss plan called the “Kanten Diet” by adding a teaspoon of the powder to tea or hot water and drinking before meals. This promotes satiety, helps stabilise blood sugar and block the storage of fat 
• Agar has many digestive benefits. The fibre found in Agar absorbs toxins from the gut and gastrointestinal tract, carrying the toxic waste safely out of the body. 
• Bone Health- Agar is high in calcium and magnesium, and whilst calcium contributes to strong and healthy bones, it must be in balance with magnesium to increase bone density. Diets with high calcium and not enough magnesium can lead to painful calcification of joints and the formation of kidney and gallstones. 
• Brain Health- Agar is a polymer, galactose, which is vital for the development of the brain in babies and children. galactose plays a potentially useful role in removing neurotoxic compounds from the brain in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease

History

Agar Agar was discovered by an innkeeper who found that some discarded seaweed soup had gelled after being remaining outside on a cold winters night. The innkeeper took the residue and, to his surprise, found that by boiling it up with more water a jelly could be made. Agar Agar has since been used as a 1:1 substitute for gelatine. It can be used to make jelly, panna cotta, ice cream, jam and to thicken soups and stews. It was soon discovered that since most bacteria cannot digest agar, it started getting used as a substitute for gelatine in labs for study of bacterial cultures. More recent studies have shown the nutritional benefits of Agar.

Cultivation

Kerala, India.

Manufacturing Process

Has been standardized for: 20% Pure Agar extraction.

Certifications